Equity and transport policy reform
نویسنده
چکیده
participants at various presentations are gratefully acknowledged. Any remaining errors are the author's sole responsibility. Abstract The paper assesses the marginal welfare and equity impacts of three transport instruments for a second-best economy in which the government has to use distortionary taxes for revenue-raising and distributional purposes. The assessment uses an applied general equilibrium model for Belgium. The model includes three types of external costs of transport: congestion, air pollution and accidents. The transport instruments are: peak road pricing, the fuel tax and subsidies to public transport. They are introduced in a revenue-neutral way with the labour income tax, the lump sum social security transfers and other transport instruments serving as revenue-preserving instruments. It is shown that the equity effects of the transport instruments depend to a large extent on how revenue-neutrality is ensured. The political acceptability of transport policy reforms can therefore be enhanced by a careful design of the revenue-preserving strategies. Moreover, it is argued that distributional considerations cannot be ignored in the double dividend discussion. Résumé Cet article considère les effets marginaux sur le bien-être et sa répartition de trois instruments de politique de transport lorsque le transport cause des effets externes négatifs. L'analyse est faite pour une économie second-best dans laquelle le gouvernment doit recourir à des taxes distortives pour générer des revenus et réaliser ses objectifs d'équité, à l'aide d'un modèle d'équilibre général pour la Belgique. Les trois instruments de politique de transport sont un péage routier en période de pointe, une taxe sur les carburants et une subvention pour les transports en commun. La neutralité budgétaire est assurée par, outre les instruments de transport, la taxe sur le revenu de travail et les tranferts de la sécurité sociale. Les simulations montrent que les effets sur la répartition dépendent largement de la manière dont la neutralité budgétaire est assurée. L'acceptabilité des réformes de politique de transport peut être améliorée par une stratégie judicieuse d'utilisation des revenus. En plus, les simulations indiquent que les effets redistributifs doivent être pris en compte dans la discussion sur le double dividende. verdelingsoverwegingen moeten opgenomen worden in de dubbel dividend discussie.
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تاریخ انتشار 2001